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▼さっちゃんさん：
Catheter
Catheter disassembledIn medicine, a catheter is a tube that can be inserted into a body cavity, duct, or vessel. Catheters thereby allow drainage, administration of fluids or gases, or access by surgical instruments. The process of inserting a catheter is catheterization. In most uses, a catheter is a thin, flexible tube ("soft" catheter), though in some uses, it is a larger, solid ("hard") catheter. A catheter left inside the body, either temporarily or permanently, may be referred to as an indwelling catheter. A permanently inserted catheter may be referred to as a permcath.
http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/catheter
とあるので，カテーテルで良いでしょう．
カテーテルというと長いイメージが有りますが・・・
Cannula
A cannula (from Latin "little reed"; plural cannulae) or canula is a tube that can be inserted into the body, often for the delivery or removal of fluid. In simple terms, a cannula can surround the inner or outer surfaces of a Trocar needle thus extending needle approach to a vein by half or more of the length of the introducer.
Decannulation is the permanent removal of a cannula (extubation),[1] especially of a tracheostomy[2] cannula, once a doctor decides it is no longer needed for breathing.
カニュラでも，良い様ですね．
>体内に 挿入する管として
>カテーテル・カニューレ・チューブ・ドレーンとか 呼ばれていますが
>その違いは 何なのでしょうか？
ドレーンは，体腔内等から排液をすること，もしくは，その為の管状の（管状じゃないのも有りますが）物体． 血管へはドレーンは入れませんね．
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